Continued from the blog
"Historical
timeline of the Jewish people part 1" (July 2013). Due to the
length of this historical timeline. I had to split this blog into three parts.
63 B.C. - Jerusalem conquered by Pompey, who makes
Jerusalem a Roman
37 B.C. - Herod appointed King in Jerusalem by Rome.
20 B.C. - Herod begins restoration of the 2nd Temple.
4 B.C. - The birth of Jesus.
The Jewish understanding
of the Messiah
The Christian
understanding of the Messiah
30 A.D. Jesus crucified.
Who
crucified Jesus? From an evangelical Christian viewpoint.
66-73 - The Jewish revolt against the Romans.
66 - Jewish Zealots capture Masada from the Romans.
Worldwide
Dispersion/Diaspora:
70 - Jerusalem destroyed, including the second Temple
(on the 9th of Av), by
the Romans who begin expelling the Jews from The Land.
73 - Masada, the last stronghold of the Jewish
rebellion, falls to the
Romans.
132-135 - The Bar-Kokhba uprising against Rome
temporarily wins Jerusalem
back.
Part of a letter by Bar Kokhba
135 - The Bar Kokhba revolt is defeated by the Romans
(on the 9th of Av),
who kill over 580,000 Jews.
-
Jerusalem is rebuilt and renamed Aelia Capitolina, from which all
Jews are banned.
-
Judea is renamed Syria Palestina (Palestine), from which all Jews
are banned. The invention of Palestine
136 - The Temple area in Jerusalem was plowed under by
the Romans on the 9th
of Av.
306 - The Spanish Synod of Elvira forbids Christians
to eat with Jews or to
intermarry with them.
Timeline of Antizemitism
324 - Jerusalem under Byzantine rule.
326 - Queen Helena, the mother of Byzantine Emperor
Constantine, visits
Jerusalem and starts building churches, including The Church of
The Holy
362 - Julian the Apostate allows Jews to return to
Jerusalem.
395 - The Roman Empire is partitioned into Eastern and
Western divisions.
Palestine comes under the Eastern division.
570 - Birth of Mohammed.
622 -The birth
of Islam
614 - Jerusalem conquered by Persians.
624 - Mohammed executes all Jewish males in Medina,
levies a tax on all Jews
in Khybar, and changes the prayer direction of his
followers from Jerusalem
to Mecca.
627 - Mohammed executes all Jewish men in Qurayzah and
sells their women and
children as slaves.
629 - Jerusalem is retaken by the Byzantines.
Jews are banned from
Jerusalem by Bishop Modestos, the Christian Patriarch
of Jerusalem.
632 - Death of Mohammed.
633 - Jews are banned from Jerusalem by Bishop
Sophronius, the Christian
Patriarch of Jerusalem.
636 - Muslim conquest of Jerusalem.
The Caliph Umar is riding into Jerusalem on a camel
and asks the Patriarch of Jerusalem Sophronius, to show him the holy places.
Umar’s conquest of Jerusalem was peaceful, leaving intact the Christian
holy sites and permitting Jews to reenter the city and settle near the Western
Wall.
But Umar made a covenant with the Jews and Christians, the Umar
covenant, which made them second-class citizens, called Dhimma.
The Omar covenant
638 - Muslim conquest of Palestine.
638-1099 The Arab Period
650 - The compilation of Mohammed's Quran is
completed.
691 - The Dome of the Rock is completed on the Temple
Mount in Jerusalem.
701 - The Al Aqsa Mosque is completed on the Temple
Mount.
747 - An earthquake hits Jerusalem, collapsing part of
the Dome of the Rock.
771 - Another earthquake hits Jerusalem and the Temple
Mount.
813 - Another earthquake hits Jerusalem.
1012 - The Jews are expelled from part of the
Rhineland.
Jews were expelled from Western Europe, driven
eastward, in the time of the crusaders.
Timeline for the Jews of Europe.
1033 - Another earthquake hits Jerusalem.
1066 - Jews enter Britain for the first time.
1077 - Jerusalem captured by the Turks.
1095 - The Crusades declared by Pope Urban II on the
9th of Av.
1096 - The Crusaders massacre Jews in the Rhineland.
1099 - The First Crusade captures Jerusalem.
Video: The
First Crusade -The Slaughter of Jerusalem
The Latin kingdom
of Jerusalem
The Latin
Kingdom of Jerusalem
1144 - Anti-Jewish riots in England.
1146 - Christians volunteering to fight in the Second
Crusade were decreed
to be released from all debts owed to Jews.
1168 - A Jewish massacre in England.
1170 - The Third Crusade. Jews were accused of
the infamous "Blood Libel"
and massacred.
1181 - Another Jewish massacre in England.
1182 - King Phillip of France expelled Jews, confiscated
their property,
turned synagogues into churches, and forced Jews to
wear identification
badges.
1187 - The Muslim, Saladin, takes Jerusalem from the
Crusaders.
Saladin's victory over the Crusaders at the battle of Hattin.
Video - Three
lecture by Prof. Graham Loud about the significance of the Battle of Hattin
in 1187, for the power relations between Christianity
and Islam in the Middle East.
1189 - Jewish massacres throughout England at the
coronation of Richard the
Lionhearted.
1190 - Another Jewish massacre in England.
1192 - Richard the Lionheart fails to re-conquer
Jerusalem.
1212 - 300 English and French Rabbis settle in
Jerusalem.
1215 - The Fourth Lateran Council requires Jews to
wear distinctive clothing
for easy identification, and bars them from holding
civil office.
1222 - The Synod of Oxford, England requires Jews to
wear an identifying
patch.
1229 - Crusaders conquer Jerusalem.
An overview of the many Crusader expeditions.
1239 - Muslims re-conquer Jerusalem.
(The Muslim claim to Jerusalem)
1240 - The Paris Disputation.
1242 - The burning of the Talmud in Paris on the 9th
of Av.
1243 - Crusaders re-conquer Jerusalem.
1244 - Jerusalem sacked by Tartars.
1247 - Jerusalem conquered by Egyptian Mamelukes.
1255 - A Massacre of Jews in England.
1259 - Jerusalem sacked by the Mongols.
The Mongol Empire in 1259
1264 - Jewish persecution sweeps England.
1276 - The Jews expelled from upper Bavaria.
1278 - Jews arrested throughout England and their
property confiscated, 300
hanged.
1288 - Massacre of local Jews in Troyes, France.
1290 - On the 9th of Av, King Edward I signed the
edict to expel all Jews
from England. 16,000 left, beginning 350 years
of Jewish exile from
England.
1306 - Phillip the Tall expelled 100,000 Jews from
France and confiscated
their property.
1329 - The Spanish Synod of Tarragona demands
intolerance toward the Jews.
1335 - The Synod of Salamanca forbids employment of
Jewish doctors.
1347 - Jerusalem conquered by the Mamelukes again.
1348-49 - Anti-Jewish riots in Poland. (The black
death pogroms)
1351-1353 - The bubonic plague hits Jerusalem.
1391 - Anti-Jewish riots and massacres in Spain,
50,000 Jews murdered in
Castile. The Jews required to wear distinctive
clothing for identification.
Brutal torture methods used to interrogate Marranos into confessing that they were Jewish during
the Spanish Inquisition.
1394 - The Jews again expelled from France.
1407 - Anti-Jewish riots in Poland.
1421 - The Jews in Vienna had their possessions
confiscated, their children
forcibly converted. 270 Jews were burned at the
stake.
1424 - The Jews expelled from Cologne.
1432 - The Jews expelled from Saxony.
1435 - The Jews expelled from Spires and Zurich.
1438 - The Jews expelled from Mainz.
1439 - The Jews expelled from Augsburg.
1442 - The Jews expelled from Bavaria.
1454 - The Jews expelled from the crown cities of
Moravia.
1478 - The Inquisition established to exterminate
heretics, including Jews.
1485 - The Jews expelled from Perugia, Italy.
1486 - The Jews expelled from Vicenza, Italy.
1489 - The Jews expelled from Milan and Lucca, Italy.
1490 - The Jews expelled from Geneva,
Switzerland.
- Hebrew
Bibles burned by the Inquisition in Spain.
1492 - 300,000 Jews expelled from Spain.
Christopher Columbus watched them
leaving in ships as he was leaving to discover the New
World.
Was
Columbus secretly a Jew?
1494 - The Jews expelled from Florence and all
Tuscany.
- Anti-Jewish
riots in Poland.
1495 - The Jews expelled from Cracow and Lithuania.
1497 - The Jews expelled from Portugal, Sicily, and
Sardinia.
1502 - The Jews expelled from Rhodes
1506 - The Jews again expelled from Portugal.
1516 - The first Jewish ghetto in Venice.
1517 - Jerusalem surrenders to Ottoman Sultan Selim,
the beginning of
400 years of Ottoman rule.
1541 - The Jews expelled from Naples.
- Suleiman
the Magnificent completes the walls around Jerusalem, the walls we can see
today.
The Walls Of
Jerusalem Today
-
Jerusalem's Golden Gate is sealed by the Muslims to prevent The Messiah's
entrance.
1543 - Martin Luther writes his 200-page pamphlet,
"Against the Jews and
Their Lies".
1555 - In Spain, all copies of the Jewish Scriptures
in Spanish are seized
and burned.
- Pope Paul IV forces all of the Jews in Rome
into a ghetto on the
left bank of the Tiber River, surrounded by a wall,
and locked at night.
This was the last ghetto in western Europe to be
abolished, in 1848.
1556 - Earthquake in Jerusalem.
1593 - Pope Clement VIII banished Jews from the
Vatican State.
1648 - 100,000 Jews massacred in Poland and 700 Jewish
communities destroyed
in the Ukraine.
1654 - The first Jews come to America.
1670 - The Jews expelled from France again after Blood
Libel charges.
1719 - Rhode Island excludes Jews from voting and from
holding public
1775 - Pope Pius VI issues edict to suppress the
Jewish religion.
1791 - Tsarist Russia confines the Jews to the
"Pale of Settlement"
between the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea.
Emancipation of the Jews in France.
1798 - Napoleon Bonaparte visits the Holy Land.
1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte encouraged the return of the
Jews to their land in
Palestine.
Napoleon and the jews.
1831 - Jerusalem conquered by Mohammed Ali of Egypt.
1838 - British Consulate opened in Jerusalem.
1840 - Jerusalem again under Turkish control, after
being conquered by Mohammed Ali of Egypt from 1831.
- In
Damascus, anti-Jewish pogroms initiated by the Roman Catholic
-
British foreign secretary, Lord Palmerston, strongly recommended
to the Ottoman government ruling Palestine that they
should encourage the
Jews of Europe to return to Palestine.
1844 - First official census confirms a Jewish
majority in Jerusalem.
1854 - The Crimean War begins over disputes regarding
Jerusalem.
1867 - Mark Twain visits Palestine.
1879 - The word "anti-Semitism" was coined
by Wilhelm Marr in Germany.
Continued from the blog "Historical timeline of
the Jewish people part 2" (July 2013)
Due to the length I had two split this blog into three
parts.
Moving
toward the Restoration of the Nation of Israel:
1850s Moses Montefiore building Jewish institutions in
Jerusalem
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