søndag 7. juli 2013

Historical timeline of the Jewish people part 1

The Jewish religion and Jewish history, has shaped our western culture and our way of thinking.
For many years, the Judeo-Christian Values ​​have been under pressure from totalitarian ideologies, today also from Islam.
This historical timeline is a reminder of our roots and also unfortunately, a reminder of Europe's ugly history when it comes to the treatment of the Jewish people.

The Bible was created in a small nation, with a message that has found resonance worldwide.
This historical timeline, is focusing on the biblical story, and Jewish history, by adding links to Wikipedia and other websites. I have also tried to include websites, which says something about how this biblical message is perceived among Jews and Christians.
But should we get to know the Bible and its message, then it is advisable to read the Bible.

The entire Bible that we Christians read, is a Jewish book, written by Jews, this applies to both the Old and New Testaments.

New Revised Standard Version of the Bible


Wikipedia about the Bible

The Bible, this Jewish history book, has for me become very dear reading.
I will say a little more about my love for this Jewish book, In the end of the last blog.
"Historical timeline of the Jewish people part 3" (July 2013)
Due to the length of the timeline, I had to split this blog into three parts.


Jewish history begins with Abraham 4,000 years ago.

Note:  These earliest dates (B.C.) are not without differences of opinion.
They are offered as a general guideline.

2035 B.C. - Abraham born in Ur in Mesopotamia.

In adulthood, Abraham followed his father and brothers to the city Haran,
which was located in what is today Turkey (The Book of Genesis)


1960 B.C. - Abraham leaves Haran for Canaan.



1935 B.C. - Isaac born.

1875 B.C. - Jacob born.

1767 B.C. - Joseph sold to Egyptians.




In Egyptian history, we find a man called Imhotep. Can this person be Joseph.

Video - The first part of this video deals with the history of the Jews in Egypt, and the Red Sea crossing. These are theories of amateur archaeologists, theories that are not necessarily shared by professional archaeologists and Egyptologists, but the video is still interesting

1745 B.C. - Jacob and family move to Egypt.


Egyptian bondage and the Exodus under Moses:
The book of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

1610 B.C. - Moses born.


The Egyptian bondage could have taken place in the period between 1700 -1200 BC
There are many things that may indicate that Ramses the second was king of Egypt during the Jewish exodus, because his father started the construction of the two cities Rameses and Pitom, mentioned in Exsodus Chapter 1.11, where the Jews did slave labor.

Akhenaton, Pharaoh of Egypt  (about1400 BC) He reigned when the Jews were in the country, and tried to change the Egyptian religion of many gods to one.


Another archaeological discoveries in Egypt goes back to Pharaoh Merenptah
son of Ramses the second. (about 1200 BC)


The Israelite Exodus from Egypt (1300 -1200 BC or 1450 BC ?)

Israel crosses the Red Sea. (Wikipedia)

Scientists and historians do not spend time on the biblical story of the crossing of the Red Sea, because they don't believe it has happened.
But there are many amateurs who believe in the Bible, who have made interesting discoveries, while others of these amateur archaeologists have little credibility.

Ancient Evidence of the Exodus from Egypt (1303 BCE-1213 BCE)

http://unitedwithisrael.org/archeological-parrallels-for-the-exodus-story/



Where did Moses cross the Red Sea?
On the map below we see the route Moses and the people of Israel walked according to Christian tradition.
But this tradition was created by Queen Helena, the mother of Byzantine Emperor Constantine, who visited the Holy Land in 326
She sent a delegation to the desert in the south to find the Sinai mountains.
This delegation she sent, told the story of Moses and the burning bush to some Bedouins, who reported that they had experienced a burning bush where St. Catharina monastery stands today.
Later Queen Helena had a dream, which confirmed the story of the Bedouins. So this is the origin of the Christian tradition.


But this is not the Jewish tradition.
According to the Jewish historian Josephus (37 – c. 100), Mount Sinai was located in what is now Saudi Arabia, and the Jewish philosopher Philo, who lived in Alexandria at the same time, wrote that Moses and his people walked through the desert eastward until they came to the Red Sea


Three videos that deal with the suggestions about the route Moses and the Israelites followed through the desert. The videos are made ​​by amateur archaeologists.

EXODUS REVEALED!!- Hard Evidence in Red Sea of Israel's Escape From Egypt



The law given to Moses on Mount Sinai


The Jewish understanding of the Law of Moses

The Christian understanding of the Law of Moses

Israel given The Promised Land:

1490 B.C. - The Hebrews enter Canaan.

The Jewish people in the land of Canaan after walking in the desert for 40 years,
recorded in the Book of Joshua, and the Book of Judges in the Bible

The twelve tribes of Israel

980 B.C. - David becomes King of Israel. The books of Samuel


King David make Jerusalem his capital

Ancient Jerusalem

Video - Jerusalem: 4000 Years in 5 Minutes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=2mR2W43t6tI#!


930 B.C. - The first Temple completed in Jerusalem by King Salomon


 900 B.C. - The nation is divided into the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah.



History of ancient Israel and Judah

Assyrian & Babylonian captivities and the Return from Babylon:

722 B.C. - Israel (Northern Kingdom) conquered by Assyria.
The inhabitants of the Northern Kingdom of Israel was taken captive and exiled in Assyria.
The Jewish tribes exiled by Assyria later became known as the Ten Lost Tribes.


The Southern Kingdom of Judah.

The Prophet Isaiah

715 - 686 BC. Reign of King Hezekiah of Judah


605 The Babylonians invade Judah

605 Daniel is taken captive and begins to prophesy

597 Ezekiel is taken captive to Babylon

655 – 586 BC. -The Prophet Jeremiah

586 B.C. - Judah (The Southern Kingdom) conquered by Babylon. Jerusalem destroyed, including the first Temple (on the 9th of Av), and the Jews exiled to Babylon.

What "the Ninth of Av," means to the Jewish people


The Babylonian exile

539 The Decree of Cyrus II allowing Jews to return

The Babylonian king Cyrus, repatriated displaced people and restored temples and cult sanctuaries across Mesopotamia and elsewhere in the region.

Cyrus cylinder in cuneiform, mention repatriation of foreign people who were prisoners of Babylon
The Cylinder's text has traditionally been seen by Biblical scholars as corroborative evidence of Cyrus’ policy of the repatriation of the Jewish people following their Babylonian captivity (an act that the Book of Ezra attributes to Cyrus), as the text refers to the restoration of cult sanctuaries and repatriation of deported peoples.

538 B.C. - The exiles return to Jerusalem from Babylon.

516 B.C. - The second Temple dedicated.

445-444 B.C. - Nehemiah rebuilds The walls of Jerusalem.


350 B.C. - Persians capture Jerusalem.

332 B.C. - Jerusalem conquered by Alexander the Great.  Hellenistic rule in
the area begins.

Video: The Hellenistic Age: Alexander to Antiochus III

The Hellenistic era in the Middle East after the death of Alexander the Great.

170 B.C. - The King of Syria, Antiochus Epiphanes, plunders Jerusalem.


168 B.C. - Antiochus Epiphanes ransacks Jerusalem and prohibits the practice
of Judaism, triggering the Maccabean revolt.

Video: Antiochus Epiphanes and the Maccabees

165 B.C. - Hasmonean Jews, led by the Maccabees, recapture Jerusalem and
rededicate the Temple, now celebrated annually at Chanukkah

80 B.C. - The Maccabees defeated by the Romans.


63 B.C. - Jerusalem conquered by Pompey, who makes Jerusalem a Roman


37 B.C. - Herod appointed King in Jerusalem by Rome.

20 B.C. - Herod begins restoration of the 2nd Temple.


To be continued in the blog